Кремнезем Дым (Микрокремнезем) Для химических удобрений

As a by-product of industrial silicon smelting, silica fume has long faced resource waste and environmental pressure due to the lack of high value-added applications. In recent years, the application of silica fume in the field of chemical fertilizer has gradually become a research hotspot with the increase of the demand for trace elements in agricultural science. This paper starts from the physical and chemical properties of silica fume, systematically analyzes its technical path, functional advantages and market prospects in the production of chemical fertilizers, and explores its industrialization potential in combination with practical cases, so as to provide a scientific basis for the efficient and resourceful utilization of silica fume.

1. Physicochemical properties and agricultural suitability of silica fume

Кремнеземный дым (Микрокремнезем) is an ultrafine dust produced in the smelting process of ferrosilicon or industrial silicon, the main component of which is amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO₂ content ≥ 90%), with the following characteristics:

• High activity: specific surface area of 20-28 m²/g, much higher than cement and fly ash, with strong adsorption and chemical activity;
• Multi-element composite: in addition to silicon, it also contains calcium, magnesium, sulfur and other medium elements and iron, manganese and other trace elements, which can be directly used as soil nutrients;
• Environmental protection characteristics: heavy metal content is far below the national standard, no risk of secondary pollution.

In the field of agriculture, silicon is the fourth essential element for crop growth, which can enhance the strength of plant cell walls, improve the resistance to collapse, and promote photosynthesis. Traditional silicon fertilizers mostly use silicate minerals or industrial waste residues, but there are problems such as activation difficulty and slow release of nutrients. silica fume is ideal for improving acidic soil due to its high active silicon content (20-30%) and weak alkaline characteristics.

2. The technical path of silica fume in fertilizer production

2.1 Raw material compounding and process design

Based on the patented technology (e.g. CN Patent “A method of using silica fume to produce medium amount of elemental fertilizer”), the production of silica fume for chemical fertilizer requires the following steps:

1. Raw material mixing: micro-silica powder (20-80%), gypsum (5-70%), dolomite (5-65%) and auxiliary additives (e.g. potassium feldspar, manganese nitrate, etc.), through the optimization of the ratio to achieve synergistic effect of calcium, silicon, magnesium and sulfur;
2. Activation process: low temperature roasting (800-1100℃) technology is adopted, combined with the help additives to reduce the decomposition temperature of silica, so that the effective silica activation rate is increased to 20-30%;
3. Forming process: through ball milling, drying, granulation and other processes, it is made into weakly alkaline granular fertilizer (pH 8.0-9.0) with particle size of 1-2 cm, which is suitable for mechanized spreading.

2.2 Technical Advantages

1. Energy saving and consumption reduction: compared with the traditional silicon fertilizer production process, low temperature activation technology reduces energy consumption by more than 30%;
2. Nutrient balance: the compound ratio of effective calcium oxide (≥25%), silica (≥20%), magnesium oxide (≥5%) and sulfur trioxide (≥5%) in the finished fertilizer can meet the diversified needs of crops for medium and large elements;
3. Environmental protection benefit: using industrial solid waste as raw material, realizing resource recycling, in line with the “double-carbon” strategy orientation.

3. Agricultural application effect of silica fume fertilizer

3.1 Soil improvement and crop yield increase

• Acidic soil repair: the weak alkalinity of silica fume can neutralize soil acidity and raise pH value, while supplementing silicon, calcium and other elements to enhance the soil granular structure;
• Disease and stress resistance enhancement: Experimental data from Yunnan Province shows that the average yield of rice fertilized with silica fertilizer increased by 8.2%, and the incidence of rice blast was reduced by 40%;
• Quality improvement of economic crops: in tea planting, silicon fertilizer can increase amino acid content and improve the flavor of tea.

3.2 Practical application cases

• Rice field in Jilin Province: applying silica fume-based fertilizer for 5 consecutive years, the average mu yield increase of 51.2 кг, yield increase rate of 12.8%;
• Peanut planting: in the soil with serious silicon deficiency, silica fume fertilizer doubles the yield, and the heavy metal residue is far below the national standard.

Conclusion and Prospect

The application of silica fume in the field of fertilizer not only solves the environmental problems of industrial by-product accumulation, but also provides an efficient and environmentally friendly soil improvement solution for modern agriculture. In the future, with further breakthroughs in activation technology and the deepening of green transformation in agriculture, silica fume fertilizer is expected to become one of the core categories in the agricultural market.

As a leading company in China’s silica fume industry, HSA (Хэнань Супериор Абразивс) can promote the large-scale application of silica fume fertilizer through technical cooperation and industry chain integration, and help the sustainable development of global agriculture.